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Non-Newtonian fluid

A non-Newtonian fluid is a fluid in which shear stress is not simply proportional solely to the velocity gradient, perpendicular to the plane of shear. Non-Newtonian fluids may not have a well-defined viscosity.

Principle types of non-Newtonian fluid include:

Type of fluid Characteristics Examples
Plastic Ductile metals
Pseudo-plastic Apparent viscosity reducing with rate of shear Some colloids, clay, milk, gelatine, blood and liquid cement
Perfectly plastic Strain does not result in opposing stress
Bingham plastic
Dilatent Apparent viscosity increasing with rate of shear Concentrated solution of sugar in water, suspensions of rice starch
Rheopectic Apparent viscosity increases with duration of stress Some lubricants
Thixotropic Apparent viscosity decreases with duration of stress Non-drip paints and tomato ketchup
Visoelastic Having both viscous and elastic properties Bitumen, dough and nylon

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