Nobel Prize in Chemistry

1901
Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff

for his discovery of the laws of chemical dynamics and osmotic pressure in solutions

for his work on sugar and purine syntheses

for his electrolytic theory of dissociation (see ion)

for his discovery of the inert gaseous elements in air

for his work on organic dyes and hydroaromatic compounds

for his investigation and isolation of the element fluorine, and for the electric furnace called after him

for his biochemical researches and his discovery of cell-free fermentation

for his investigations into the disintegration of the elements, and the chemistry of radioactive substances

his work on catalysis and for his investigations into chemical equilibria and rates of reaction

for his work in the field of alicyclic compounds

for her discovery of radium and polonium, and her study of radium

for his the discovery of the Grignard reagent and for his method of hydrogenating organic compounds

for his work on the linkage of atoms in molecules

for his determinations of the atomic weight of a large number of elements

for his researches on plant pigments

for his synthesis of ammonia

for his work in thermochemistry

for his work on the chemistry of radioactive substances and investigations into isotopes

for his discovery of isotopes in a large number of non-radioactive elements, and for his whole-number rule

for his invention of the method of micro-analysis of organic substances

for his demonstration of the heterogenous nature of colloid solutions and the methods used

for his work on disperse systems

for his investigations of the bile acids and related substances

for his research into sterols and their connection with vitamins

for their investigations on the fermentation of sugar and fermentative enzymes

for his researches into haemin and chlorophyll

for their contributions to chemical high pressure methods

for his work in surface chemistry

for his discovery of heavy hydrogen

for their synthesis of new radioactive elements

for his work on molecular structure through investigations on dipole moments and the diffraction of X-rays and electrons in gases

for his work on carbohydrates and vitamin C and for his work on carotenoids, flavins and vitamins A and B2

for his work on carotenoids and vitamins

for his work on sex hormones and for his work on polymethylenes and higher terpenes

for his work on the use of isotopes as tracers to study chemical processes

for his discovery of the fission of heavy nuclei

for his research in agricultural and nutrition chemistry

for his discovery that enzymes can be crystallized and for their preparation of enzymes and virus proteins in a pure form

for his investigations on plant products, especially the alkaloids

for his research on electrophoresis and adsorption analysis

for his contributions in the field of chemical thermodynamics

for their discovery and development of the diene synthesis. Diels-Alder reaction.

for their discoveries in the chemistry of transuranium elements

for their invention of partition chromatography

for his discoveries in the field of macromolecular chemistry

for his research into the nature of the chemical bond

for his work on sulphur compounds, especially the first synthesis of a polypeptide hormone

for their researches into the mechanism of chemical reactions

for his work on nucleotides and nucleotide co-enzymes

for his work on the structure of proteins, especially insulin

for his discovery and development of the polarographic methods of analysis

for his method to use carbon-14 for age determination

for his research on carbon dioxide assimilation in plants

for their studies of the structures of globular proteins

for their discoveries relating to high polymers

for his achievements in organic synthesis

for his work concerning chemical bonds and the electronic structure of molecules

for their studies of extremely fast chemical reactions

for the discovery of the reciprocal relations bearing his name

for their contributions to the development of the concept of conformation

for his discovery of sugar nucleotides and their role in the biosynthesis of carbohydrates

for his contributions to electronic structure and the geometry of molecules, particularly free radicals

for his work on ribonuclease and for their contribution to the understanding of the connection between chemical structure and catalytic activity of the ribonuclease molecule

for their work on the chemistry of organometallic compounds

for his fundamental work, both theoretical and experimental, in the physical chemistry of macromolecules

for his work on the stereochemistry of enzyme-catalyzed reactions and for his research into the stereochemistry of organic molecules and reactions

for his studies on the structure of boranes

for his contributions to non-equilibrium thermodynamics

for his formulation of the chemiosmotic theory

for their development of the use of boron- and phosphorus-containing compounds, respectively, into reagents in organic synthesis

for his studies of the biochemistry of nucleic acids and for their contributions concerning the determination of base sequences in nucleic acids

for their theories concerning the course of chemical reactions

for his development of crystallographic electron microscopy

for his work on the mechanisms of electron transfer reactions

for his development of methodology for chemical synthesis on a solid matrix

for their achievements in developing direct methods for the determination of crystal structures

for their contributions concerning the dynamics of chemical elementary processes

for their development and use of molecules with structure-specific interactions of high selectivity

for their determination of the three-dimensional structure of a photosynthetic reaction centre

for their discovery of catalytic properties of RNA

for his development of the theory and methodology of organic synthesis

for his contributions to the development of high resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy

for his contributions to the theory of electron transfer reactions in chemical systems

for contributions to the developments of methods within DNA-based chemistry

for his contribution to carbocation chemistry

for their work in atmospheric chemistry

for their discovery of fullerenes

for their elucidation of the enzymatic mechanism underlying the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate and for his discovery of an ion-transporting enzyme, Na+K+-ATPase

for his development of the density-functional theory and for his development of computational methods in quantum chemistry

for his studies of the transition states of chemical reactions using femtosecond spectroscopy

for their discovery and development of conductive polymers

for their work on chirally catalysed hydrogenation reactions and for his work on chirally catalysed oxidation reactions

for their development of methods for identification and structure analyses of biological macromolecules

for discoveries concerning channels in cell membranes

External link

• http://www.nobel.se/chemistry/laureates/index.html
• Timeline of Nobel Prize Winners

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