Marquess of Salisbury
The title Marquess of Salisbury is a British title of Peerage, created in 1789 for James Cecil, 7th Earl of Salisbury. Most of the holders of the title have been prominent in British political life over the last two centuries, particularly Robert Arthur Talbot Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury, who served three times as prime minister in the late 19th and early twentieth century.
The Marquess of Salisbury holds the subsidiary titles of Earl of Salisbury (created 1605), Viscount Cranborne (1604), and Baron Cecil of Essendon (1603). The title Viscount Cranborne is the courtesy title of the eldest son and heir of the Marquess.
The title Earl of Salisbury has a complex history. It was first created for Patrick de Salisbury in the middle twelfth century. It was eventually inherited by Alice, wife of Thomas Plantagenet, Earl of Lancaster. When the Earl of Lancaster lost his titles and was executed for treason in 1322, the Countess surrendered all of her titles to the King, and the titles lapsed.
The title was created for a second time in 1301 for William Montacute. It was inherited later by Richard Neville, upon whose death the title went into abeyance because multiple individuals were entitled to inherit it.
Then, in 1472, it was granted to George, Duke of Clarence. When the Duke of Clarence was 1478 for treason (supposedly by being drowned in a vat of Malmsey wine), the title was forfeit. It was then granted to Edward of Middleham, who later became Prince of Wales. Upon Edward's death, the title became extinct.
In 1485, the abeyance of the second Creation was terminated, and the title went to Edward Plantagenet, Richard Neville's grandson. Edward was executed for high treason in 1499; the title was, however, officially forfeit in 1504. Edward's sister, Margaret, regained the title in 1513, but she too forfeit the title in 1539.
The title was given to Robert Cecil, 1st Earl of Salisbury, a close advisor to James I. Cecil was the son of Queen Elizabeth I's chief advisor, William Cecil, Lord Burghley. The present Marquesses still hold the title of the Cecil creation.
Earls of Salisbury, first Creation (c. 1149)
Earls of Salisbury, second Creation (1337)
Earls of Salisbury, third Creation (1472)
Earls of Salisbury, fourth Creation (1478)
Earls of Salisbury, fith Creation (1605)
Marquesses of Salisbury (1789)
Referenced By
Courtesy title | Edward, Earl of Warwick | Henry Northcote, 1st Baron Northcote | Henry Northcote, Baron Northcote | Henry Stafford Northcote | James Brownlow William Gascoyne-Cecil, 2nd Marquess of Salisbury | Life peerage | List of Marquesses in order of precedence | List of members of the Privy Council | Lord Salisbury | Peerage | Peerage of England | Peerage of Great Britain | Robert Arthur Talbot Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury | Robert Cecil | Robert Cecil, 1st Earl of Salisbury | Robert Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury | Robert Cunninghame-Graham | Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury | UK general election, 1886 | UK general election, 1892 | UK general election, 1895 | UK general election, 1900 | William Humble Ward | William Humble Ward, 2nd Earl of Dudley | William Ward | William Ward, 2nd Earl of Dudley | William Ward, Earl of Dudley
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