Marine Biology
Marine biology is the study of animal and plant life within saltwater ecosystems. Given that in biology many phyla, families and genera have some species that live in the sea and others that live on land, marine biology deals with those species in which life is spent only (or mainly) in the water, thus its classification is based on the environment rather than on taxonomy.
Marine biology covers a great deal, from the microscopic plankton (with phytoplankton hugely important as the primary producers of the sea), to the huge cetaceans (or whale).
A large (exactly how large is unknown at this point) porportion of all life on earth is contained in the oceans. Including many species that are economically important to humans, including the food fishes. It is also becoming understood that the well being of marine organisms and non ocean dwelling organisms is linked in some very fundamental ways.
Microscopic life
Plant life
Fishes
Marine mammals
Reefs
Deep sea and trenches
How oceanic factors affect distribution of various organisms
Subfields of marine biology
The study of marine biology obviously reserves a great deal of attention for the physical effects of continual immersion in the ocean, as well as for the ways that various changing oceanic properties affect marine life.
Recent marine biotechnology has focused largely on marine biomolecules, especially proteins, that may have uses in medicine or engineering.
An interesting branch of marine biology is aquaculture.
Marine environments are the home to many exotic biological materials that may inspire biomimetic materials.
History of marine biology
In recent times, marine biologists are trying to complete the mapping of underwater species with the help of modern techniques, which could help in exploring the deepest oceanic depressions in which it is supposed that new species could be found, eventually of potential great interest also for the theories on evolution.
Related fields
Marine biology is closely linked to both oceanography and biology. It also encompasses ideas from ecology. Fisheries science can be considered a partial offshoot of marine biology, as can marine conservation.
Institutions, well-known journals
Many universities teach courses in marine biology.
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