List of socialists
 German Social Democratic leader August Bebel
This is a list of self or otherwise proclaimed socialists. Some of these people moved away from socialism, while others espoused other ideologies before turning to socialism. There are many different views of what constitute socialism, and most socialists would feel that some of the people on this list were not true socialists. The people on this list have been nominated because they claimed to be socialists, or were very widely perceived to be by others. When a person has shifted from being one kind of socialist to another (for example, from being a communist to being a social democrat), they appear under their most recent identification, excepting the historic lists of Bolsheviks and Mensheviks.
See also the list of anarchists.
Pioneer and utopian socialists
François-Noël Babeuf, Ernest Bax, Louis Blanc, Louis Blanqui, Robert Blatchford, Edward Carpenter, Friedrich Engels, Charles Fourier, Morris Hillquit, H. M. Hyndman, Peter Kropotkin, Ferdinand Lassalle, John Lilburne, Eleanor Marx, Karl Marx, Giuseppe Mazzini, William Morris, Robert Owen, Georgi Plekhanov, Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, Harry Quelch, Claude-Henri de Saint-Simon, George Bernard Shaw
Democratic socialists
(includes social democrats and Labor / Labour figures)
A. Iso Abe, Gerry Adams, Grantley Adams, Michel Aflaq, Marí Alkatiri, Salvador Allende, Francisco Xavier do Amaral, Giuliano Amato, Julio Anguita, Kenny Anthony, Fernando de Araújo, Jacobo Arbenz, Owen Arthur, Clement Attlee, Obafemi Awolowo
B. Natsagiyn Bagabandi, Djibo Bakary, Sirimavo Bandaranaike, S. W. R. D. Bandaranaike, Ehud Barak, Agatha Barbara, José Batlle, Timoci Bavadra, Kim C. Beazley, Kim E. Beazley, August Bebel, David Ben-Gurion, Yitzhak Ben-Zvi, Hillary Benn, Tony Benn, Pierre Bérégovoy, Paul Bérenger, Annie Besant, Aneurin Bevan, Ernest Bevin, István Bibó, Tony Blair, Léon Blum, Juan Bosch, Robert Bradshaw, Willy Brandt, Karl-Hjalmar Branting, Algirdas Brazauskas, Aristide Briand, Ed Broadbent, George Brown, Gordon Brown, Gro Harlem Brundtland, Alexander Bustamante, Fernando Buesa, Tubal Uriah Butler
C. Jim Cairns, James Callaghan, Lorne Calvert, Arthur Calwell, Lázaro Cárdenas, Ingvar Carlsson, Barbara Castle, Milton Cato, Jacques Chaban-Delmas, Mathew Charlton, Mahendra Chaudhry, Hugo Chávez, Jean-Pierre Chevènement, Ben Chifley, Frederick Chiluba, Joaquim Chissano, Helen Clark, Avelino Coelho, Major Coldwell, Jeremy Corbyn, Bettino Craxi, Frank Crean, Simon Crean, Edith Cresson, Stafford Cripps, Betico Croes, Tony Crosland, Richard Crossman, John Curtin, John Clynes, Daniel Cohn-Bendit, Blaise Compaoré
D. Édouard Daladier, Massimo D'Alema, Hugh Dalton, Moshe Dayan, Eugene Debs, Gaston Defferre, Bertrand Delanoë, Joop den Uyl, H. D. Deve Gowda, Donald Dewar, Blaise Diagne, Gary Doer, Takako Doi, Denzil Douglas, Rosie Douglas, Tommy Douglas, Willem Drees, Rudi Dutschke
E. Friedrich Ebert, Félix Éboué, Tage Erlander, Levi Eshkol, H. V. Evatt
F. Laurent Fabius, Karl-August Fagerholm, Ferenc Farkas, Zdenek Fierlinger, Joschka Fischer, Dingle Foot, Hugh Foot, Isaac Foot, Michael Foot, Peter Fraser, Leonora Fulani
G. Hugh Gaitskell, George Galloway, Kiro Gligorov, Ralph Gonsalves, Felipe González, Anatolijs Gorbunovs, Bernie Grant, Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson, João Goulart, Jules Guesde, Xanana Gusmão, António Guterres
H. Hugo Haase, Tarja Halonen, Per Albin Hansson, Keir Hardie, Michael Harrington, Sheikh Hasina, Bob Hawke, Bill Hayden, Tim Hector, Arthur Henderson, Harry Holland, Edward Hunter, Camille Huysmans
I. Ion Iliescu
J. Glenda Jackson, Cheddi Jagan, Janet Jagan, Bharrat Jagdeo, Thorbjørn Jagland, Jean Jaurès, Roy Jenkins, Lionel Jospin, Anerood Jugnauth
K. Clements Kadalie, Aimo Kairamo, Antti Kalliomäki, Mathieu Kérékou, Mauno Koivisto, Paul Keating, Petra Kelly, Neil Kinnock, Norman Kirk, Wim Kok, Leonid Kravchuk, Bruno Kreisky, Juscelino Kubitschek, Milan Kučan, Leonid Kuchma, Pentti Kuisma, Aleksander Kwaśniewski
 George Lansbury
L. Jack Lang (Australia), Jack Lang (France), David Lange, George Lansbury, Francisco Largo Caballero, Mark Latham, Carmen Lawrence, Jack Layton, Edward Oliver LeBlanc, Edmond Leburton, Hégésippe Légitimus, David Lewis, Wilhelm Liebknecht, Anna Lindh, Walter Lini, Paavo Lipponen, Pascal Lissouba, Ken Livingstone, Petru Lucinschi, Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, Patrice Lumumba
M. Ramsay MacDonald, Alexa McDonough, Audrey McLaughlin, David McReynolds, Nelson Mandela, Peter Mandelson, Michael Manley, Norman Manley, Milton Margai, Julius Martov, Pierre Mauroy, James Maxton, Thabo Mbeki, Tom Mboya, Péter Medgyessy, Golda Meïr, Pierre Mendès-France, Alun Michael, Leszek Miller, Alexandre Millerand, Dom Mintoff, François Mitterrand, Guy Mollet, Mike Moore, Evo Morales, Francisco Morazán, Rhodri Morgan, Herbert Morrison, Hermann Müller, Said Musa, Levy Mwanawasa
N. Fatos Nano, Walter Nash, Edward Natapei, Juan Negrín, Jawaharlal Nehru, Maria das Neves
O. Punsalmaagiyn Ochirbat, George Odlum, Erich Ollenhauer, David Owen
P. Pertti Paasio, Rafael Paasio, Olof Palme, Geoffrey Palmer, Andreas Papandreou, George Papandreou, Víctor Paz Estenssoro, Aristides Pereira, Shimon Peres, Göran Persson, Sandro Pertini, Symon Petlyura, Manuel Pinto da Costa, Pedro Pires
Q. Jânio Quadros
R. Yitzhak Rabin, Bob Rae, Navin Ramgoolam, Seewoosagur Ramgoolam, Ernesto Ramos Antonini, Poul Nyrup Rasmussen, Johannes Rau, John Reid, France-Albert René, Karl Renner, Michel Rocard, Roy Romanow, Somappa Rommai, Kevin Rudd, Arnold Rüütel
S. Jorge Sampaio, Bernie Sanders, Alfred Sant, Giuseppe Saragat, Denis Sassou-Nguesso, Michael Joseph Savage, Philipp Scheidemann, Willem Schermerhorn, Helmut Schmidt, Gerhard Schröder, Kurt Schumacher, James Scullin, Oliver Seraphine, Jim Sillars, Costas Simitis, John Smith, Mircea Snegur, Phillip Snowden, Mário Soares, Kalevi Sorsa, Paul-Henri Spaak, Benjamin Spock, Thorvald Stauning, Jens Stoltenberg, Aung San Suu Kyi
T. Väinö Tanner, Levon Ter-Petrosyan, Norman Thomas, Andimba Toivo ya Toivo, Frank Tudor, Erkki Tuomioja
U. Cassam Uteem
V. Achille Van Acker, Ronald Venetiaan, Mário Viegas Carrascalão
W. John Christian Watson, William Wedgwood Benn, John Wheatley, Gough Whitlam, Shirley Williams, Harold Wilson, James Woodsworth
Z. Hernán Siles Zuazo
Bolsheviks
Members of the Bolshevik faction of the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party split of 1903. This faction assumed power in Russia in 1917, leading to the formation of the Soviet Union. The Bolsheviks renamed themselves "Communists", serving as the model for all later orthodox Communist parties; hence, most Bolsheviks were also Communists. The remaining "Old Bolsheviks" were in one way or another eliminated from active participation in the government by Stalin in the Great Purges, except for Molotov and Stalin himself.
 Bolshevik Party Central Committee
Mensheviks
Members of the Menshevik faction of the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party split in 1903. The Mensheviks were suppressed after the formation of the Soviet Union in 1921.
Communists
Members of orthodox Communist parties.
 Dolores Ibarruri
A. Rosa Aguilar, D. N. Aidit, Ramiz Alia, Anandyn Amar, Yuri Andropov, Julio Anguita, Kanson Arahata, Bob Avakian
B. Jyoti Basu, Jambyn Batmöhn, Nikos Beloyannis, Lavrenty Beria, Enrico Berlinguer, Bolesław Bierut, Maurice Bishop, Amadeo Bordiga, Leonid Brezhnev, Earl Browder, Josip Broz Tito, Tim Buck, Nikolai Bukharin, Nikolay Bulganin
C. Adil Çarçani, Santiago Carrillo, Fidel Castro, Nicolae Ceauşescu, Oldrich Cerník, Chen Yi, Konstantin Chernenko, Vulko Chervenkov, Bernard Coard, Józef Cyrankiewicz
D. Yusuf Dadoo, S. A. Dange, Angela Davis, Deng Xiaoping, Georgi Dimitrov, Milovan Djilas, Do Muoi, Alexander Dubček, Jacques Duclos
F. Tetzuo Fuwa
G. William Gallacher, Ernö Gerö, Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej, Edward Gierek, Władysław Gomułka, Klement Gottwald, Andrey Gromyko, Károly Grósz, Otto Grotewohl, Che Guevara
H. Gus Hall, Chris Hani, Robert Havemann, Denis Healey, Heng Samrin, Hồ Chí Minh, Erich Honecker, Horloogiyn Choybalsan, Enver Hoxha, Hu Jintao, Hu Yaobang, Hua Guofeng, Gustáv Husák
I. Dolores Ibárruri, Ieng Sary
J. Jambyn Batmönh, Piotr Jaroszewicz, Wojciech Jaruzelski, Martyn Jones, Jiang Qing, Jiang Zemin
K. János Kádár, Lazar Kaganovich, Mikhail Kalinin, Lev Kamenev, Stanisław Kania, Kaysone Phomvihan, Khamtai Siphandon, Khieu Samphan, Nikita Khrushchev, Kim Il Sung, Kim Jong Il, Alexandra Kollontai, Aleksey Kosygin, Egon Krenz, Béla Kun
L. Le Duan, Le Kha Phieu, Vladimir Lenin, Li Dazhao, Li Peng, Karl Liebknecht, Lin Biao, Liu Shaoqi, Luigi Longo, Rosa Luxemburg, Julio Llamazares
M. Georgy Malenkov, Tom Mann, Georges Marchais, Agustín Farabundo Martí, Ion Gheorghe Maurer, Anastas Mikoyan, Kenji Miyamoto, Petur Mladenov, Mao Zedong, Slobodan Miloević, Hans Modrow, Vyacheslav Molotov, Hamid Majid Mousa
N. Rakhmon Nabiyev, Imre Nagy, Nguyen Van Linh, Nông Ðức Mạnh, Antonín Novotný
O. Edward Ochab
P. George Padmore, Rajani Palme Dutt, Sylvia Pankhurst, Phạm Văn Ðồng, Wilhelm Pieck, Nikolay Podgorny, Pol Pot, Harry Pollitt, Yevgeny Preobrazhensky
R. Karl Radek, Mátyás Rákosi, Christian Rakovsky, Aleksey Rykov, Nikolai Ryzhkov
S. Mehmet Shehu, Eduard Shevardnadze, Kazuo Shii, Horst Sindermann, Viliam Siroký, Joe Slovo, Marian Spychalski, Joseph Stalin, Willi Stoph, Lubomír Strougal, Mikhail Suslov, Ludvík Svoboda
T. Ernst Thälmann, Maurice Thorez, Nikolai Tikhonov, Stanko Todorov, Palmiro Togliatti, Truong Chinh
U. Walter Ulbricht
V. Vladimir Voronin, Võ Nguyên Giáp, Vo Van Kiet, Kliment Voroshilov
Y. Yumjaagiyn Tsedenbal
Z. Antonín Zápotocký, Zhao Ziyang, Todor Zhivkov, Zhou Enlai, Zhu De, Grigori Zinoviev
Anarchists and syndicalists
Mikhail Bakunin, Ward Churchill, Daniel Cohn-Bendit, James Connolly, Bob Crow, Lawrence Ferlinghetti, Daniel De Leon, Bill Hayward, Mother Jones, Helen Keller, Jay Lovestone, Nestor Makhno, Tan Malakka, Grandizo Munis, Victor Serge, Andreu Nin, Harold Pinter, Sacco and Vanzetti, Arthur Scargill, Henk Sneevliet, Mark Thomas, Ricky Tomlinson, Benjamin Tucker
Trotskyists
Martin Abern, Robert Barcia, Daniel Bensaïd, Olivier Besancenot, Alex Callinicos, James P. Cannon, Tony Cliff, Farrell Dobbs, Hal Draper, Wang Fanxi, Paul Foot, Pierre Frank, Josef Frey, Ted Grant, Duncan Hallas, Joseph Hansen, Chris Harman, Jock Haston, Gerry Healy, Irving Howe, C. L. R. James, Michael Kidron, David Korner, Alain Krivine, Arlette Laguiller, Pierre Lambert, Abraham Leon, Ken Loach, Guillermo Lora, Ernest Mandel, Sean Matgamna, Raymond Molinier, Nahuel Moreno, Pierre Naville, Jabra Nicola, N. M. Perera, Juan Posadas, Pandelis Pouliopoulos, Michel Raptis (Pablo), Vanessa Redgrave, Roman Rosdolsky, Alfred Rosmer, Leon Sedov, Natalia Sedova, Mark Serwotka, Max Shachtman, Tommy Sheridan, Maurice Spector, Mark Steel, Peter Taaffe, Ta Tu Thau, Alan Thornett, Pierre Tresso (Blasco), Leon Trotsky, Bill Van Auken, Esteban Volkov, David Widgery
Third World and ex-Soviet Authoritarians
 Kwame Nkrumah
Askar Akayev, Heydar Aliyev, Hafizullah Amin, Juan José Arévalo, Jean-Bertrand Aristide, Bashar al-Assad, Hafez al-Assad, Siad Barre, René Barrientos, Zine El Abidine Ben Ali, Ahmed Ben Bella, Chadli Bendjedid, Houari Boumedienne, Habib Bourguiba, Dési Bouterse, Forbes Burnham, Luís Cabral, Moktar Ould Daddah, Abdou Diouf, José Eduardo dos Santos, Hun Sen, Joseph Kabila, Laurent Kabila, Paul Kagame, Islom Karimov, Babrak Karmal, Modibo Keita, Lee Kuan Yew, Alyaksandr Lukashenka, Samora Machel, Francisco Macías Nguema, Alphonse Massamba-Débat, Léon M'ba, Mengistu Haile Mariam, Michel Micombero, Robert Mugabe, Mohammad Najibullah, Gamal Abdel Nasser, Ne Win, Agostinho Neto, Marien Ngouabi, Gaafar Nimeiry, Saparmyrat Nyýazow, Kwame Nkrumah, Sam Nujoma, Julius Nyerere, Daniel Ortega, Alfredo Ovando Candía, Mu'ammar Al Qathafi, Mujibur Rahman, Emomali Rahmonov, Didier Ratsiraka, Jerry Rawlings, Saddam Hussein, Thomas Sankara, Léopold Sédar Senghor, Ali Soilih, Siaka Stevens, Sukarno, Noor Mohammad Taraki, Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya, François (Ngarta) Tombalbaye, David Toro, Omar Torrijos Herrera, Ahmed Sékou Touré, Juan Velasco Alvarado, João Bernardo Vieira, Joachim Yhombi-Opango
Socialist intellectuals
(who may well also have been members of parties, but are best known as intellectuals)
Mumia Abu-Jamal, Theodor Adorno, Dusé Mohammed Ali, Louis Althusser, Tariq Ali, Walter Benjamin, J. D. Bernal, Mongo Beti, Jello Biafra, Amílcar Cabral, Albert Camus, Stokely Carmichael, Aimé Césaire, Noam Chomsky, G. D. H. Cole, Maryse Condé, René Depestre, Cheikh Anta Diop, Milovan Djilas, W. E. B. Du Bois, Albert Einstein, Frantz Fanon, Édouard Glissant, Antonio Gramsci, Nicolás Guillén, Jürgen Habermas, J. B. S. Haldane, Mohammad Hatta, Eric Hobsbawm, Max Horkheimer, Takuboku Ishikawa, C. L. R. James, Maulana Karenga, Karl Kautsky, Harold Laski, Étienne Léro, Jack London, Georg Lukács, John Maclean, Herbert Marcuse, Dashdorjiin Natsagdorj, Pablo Neruda, Paul Niger, Alfred Orage, George Orwell, Anton Pannekoek, Regino Pedroso, John Reed, Paul Robeson, Walter Rodney, Jacques Roumain, Bayard Rustin, Noémia de Sousa, E. P. Thompson, Beatrice Webb, Sidney Webb, H. G. Wells, Raymond Williams, Howard Zinn
Militant leftists
(people involved in military operations, revolutionary movements or terrorist activities generally outside of the law)
Mikel Albizu, Andreas Baader, Kathy Boudin, Marc Carbonneau, Renato Curcio, Donald DeFreeze, Gudrun Ensslin, Fusako Shigenobu, Victor Manuel Gerena, Alexandros Giotopoulos, Abimael Guzmán, George Habash, Hagop Hagopyan, Camilla Hall, Nigel Hamer, James Kilgore, Jacques Lanctôt, Louise Lanctôt, Yves Langlois, Bernard Lortie, Subcomandante Marcos, Manuel Marulanda, Ulrike Meinhof, Holger Meins, Jacques Mesrine, Eduardo Mondlane, Pierre Mulele, Abu Nidal, Abdullah Öcalan, Gino Perente, Velupillai Prabhakaran, Comrade Prachanda, Jan-Carl Raspe, Iñaki de Rentería, Filiberto Ojeda Ríos, Jacques Rose, Paul Rose, Augusto Sandino, Jonas Savimbi, Georges Schoeters, Francis Simard, Kathleen Soliah, Patricia Soltysik, Emiliano Zapata
Referenced By
CPSU | Communisim | Communism | Communist | Communist Party of the Soviet Union | Communist Party of the USSR | Communist economy | Communists | History of Socialism, Part 2 | History of Socialism: Part 2 | SocialisM | Socialist | Socialists
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