List of European cities with alternate names

For the purposes of this article, Europe includes Turkey, Cyprus and all the republics of the former Soviet Union.

This article does not offer any opinion about what the "original", "official," "real" or "correct" name of any city is or was. Cities are listed alphabetically by their current best-known name in English. The English version is followed by variants in other languages, in alphabetical order by language, and then by any historical variants and former names.

A foreign name is listed even it is the same as in English, to give people the opportunity to look up the foreign name if they don't know it.

A fuller list of place names in Irish is also available.

English Name	Other name(s) or older name(s)
Aachen	Cáchy (Czech,Slovak), Aken (Dutch), Aix-la-Chappelle (French), Akwizgran (Polish), Aquisgrán (Spanish)
Adrianople	Adrianopolis / Edirne (Czech, Slovak), Adrianoupolis (Greek), Adrianopol (Polish), Edirne (Turkish); Hadrianople (alternative spelling)
Albacete	al-Basīt (Arabic)
Alexandroupolis	Alexandroupolis (Greek), Dedeagach (Turkish)
Algeciras	al-Jazīra (Arabic), Algers (French)
Alicante	al-Laqant (Arabic), Alacant (Catalan)
Almaty	Alma-Ata (Russian, Slovak)
Amsterdam	Amstardām (Arabic), Amsterodam (Czech), Ámsterntam (Greek), Amszterdam (Hungarian), Amsterdão (Portuguese)
Ankara	Anqara (Arabic), Ankara (Czech, Slovak), Ánkyra (Greek), Ancara (Portuguese); Ancyra, Angora (former names)
Antioch	Antiochie (Czech), Antiokia (Finnish), Antioche (French), Antiochia (Polish,Slovak), Antioquía (Spanish), Antakya (Turkish)
Antwerp	Antwīrb (Arabic), Antverpy (Czech,Slovak), Antwerpen (Dutch, Finnish, German), Anvers (French), Amvérsa (Greek), Anversa (Italian), Antwerpia (Polish), Antuérpia (Portuguese), Antverpen (Russian, Ukrainian), Amberes (Spanish)
Arnhem	Arnheim (German)
Ashkhabad	Išq Ābād (Arabic), Ašchabád (Czech, Slovak), Asjchabad (Dutch), Asgabat (Finnish), Aschchabad (German), Askhabád (Greek), Aszchabad (Polish), Aškhabad (Russian), Aşgabat (Turkish), Ashgabat (Turkmen), Ashxobod (Uzbek)
Astana	Akmola (Finnish), Akhmolinsk (Russian)
Athens	Atīnā (Arabic), Atina (Bulgarian, Turkish, Serbian), Atenes (Catalan), Atény (Czech, Slovak), Athen (Danish, German, Norwegian), Athene (Dutch), Ateena (Finnish), Athènes (French), Athinai (Greek), Athén (Hungarian), Atene (Italian), Ateny (Polish), Atenas (Portuguese, Spanish), Atena (Romanian, Croatian), Afiny (Russian, Ukrainian), Aten (Swedish)
Augsburg	Augšpurk (Czech), Augsbourg (French),
Auschwitz	Osvětim (Czech), Oświęcim (Polish), Osvienčim (Slovak)
Baku	Bākū (Arabic), Bakoe (Dutch), Bakou (French), Mpakoú (Greek), Bakü (Turkish)
Barcelona	Barcelona (Catalan, Spanish), Baršalūna (Arabic), Barcelone (French), Varkelonē (Greek), Barcellona (Italian), Barselona (Russian, Ukrainian
Basel	Bāzil (Arabic), Basilej (Czech), Bazel (Dutch), Bâle (French), Vasileía (Greek), Bázel (Hungarian), Bazilej (Slovak), Bazylea (Polish), Basileia (Portuguese), Bazel' (Russian, Ukrainian), Basilea (Spanish); Basle (older English name)
Bautzen	Budyšín (Czech, Slovak), Budziszyn (Polish), Budyšin (Sorbian)
Belgrade	Bilġrād (Arabic), Belgrad (Bulgarian, Russian), Bělehrad (Czech), Belgrado (Dutch, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish), Belgrad (Finnish, German, Polish, Romanian, Turkish), Veligrádi (Greek), Belgrád (Hungarian), Beograd (Serbian, Croatian), Belehrad (Slovak), Bjelhrad (Ukrainian)
Berlin	Barlīn (Arabic), Berlín (Czech, Spanish, Slovak), Berlijn (Dutch), Berliini (Finnish), Berlino (Italian), Berlim (Portuguese)
Berne	Bern (Dutch, Finnish, German, Russian, Ukrainian, Slovak, Czech), Vérnē (Greek), Berna (Italian, Spanish, Romanian), Berno (Polish)
Bilbao	Bilbo (Basque)
Bishkek	Biskek (Finnish), Bichkek (French), Biszkek (Polish), Frunze (former name)
Bologna	Boloňa (Czech), Bologne (French), Bolonia (Polish, Romanian, Spanish)
Bolzano	Bozen (German)
Braşov	Kronstadt (German), Brassó (Hungarian), Braszów (Polish)
Braunschweig	Brunšvik (Czech), Brunswijk (Dutch), Braunschweig (German), Brunszwik (Polish); Brunswick (older English name)
Bratislava	Pressburg (German), Mpratisláva (Greece), Pozsony (Hungarian), Bratysława (Polish), Bratyslava (Ukrainian) the name was officially changed from Pressburg / Pozsony into Bratislava in 1919; for a list of most older names see Bratislava
Bremen	Brémy (Czech, Slovak), Brême (French), Bréma (Hungarian), Brema (Polish)
Brest, Belarus	Brześć Litewski (Polish), Brześć nad Bugiem (Polish 1918-1939), Brest-Litovsk (English version of Polish name)
Brno	Brünn (German)
Bruges	Brugy (Czech), Brugge (Dutch), Brügge (Finnish, German), Brugia (Polish), Bruggy (Slovak), Brujas (Spanish)
Brussels	Brūksil (Arabic), Brjuksel (Bulgarian), Bruseŀles (Catalan), Brusel (Czech, Slovak), Bryssel (Danish, Swedish), Brussel (Dutch), Bryssel (Finnish), Bruxelles (French), Brüssel (German), Vryxélles (Greek), Brüsszel (Hungarian), Brusselle (Italian), Bréissel (Luxembourgish), Bruksela (Polish), Bruxelas (Portuguese), Brjussel' (Russian, Ukrainian), Bruselas (Spanish), Brüksel (Turkish)
Bucharest	Būqārist (Arabic), Bukurešt (Croatian, Serbian), Bukurešť (Czech, Slovak), Bukarest (Danish, Finnish, German, Hungarian, Swedish), Boekarest (Dutch), Bucarest (French, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish), Voukourésti (Greek), Bukareštas (Lithuanian), Bukareszt (Polish), Bucureşti (Romanian), Bukharest (Russian, Ukrainian), Bükreş (Turkish)
Budapest	Būdābist (Arabic), Budapešta (Bulgarian), Budimpešta (Croatian), Budapešť (Czech, Slovak), Boedapest (Dutch), Voudapéstē (Greek), Budapeszt (Polish), Budapeste (Portuguese), Budapesta (Romanian), Budapešt (Russian, Ukrainian), Budapeşte (Turkish); Ofen (old German name), Budin (old Turkish name)
Budweis	České Budějovice (Czech, Slovak), Budziejowice (Polish)
Bydgoszcz	Bromberg (German)
Cádiz	al-Qādis (Arabic), Kadyks (Polish)
Cagliari	Càller (Catalan)
Cardiff	Caerdydd (Welsh)
Carlsbad	Karlovy Vary (Czech), Karlsbad (German, Swedish)
Cartagena	al-Qartājanna (Arabic)
Chemnitz	Saská Kamenice (Czech); Karl-Marx-Stadt (former name)
Cleves	Kleef (Dutch), Kleve (German)
Cluj	Kluž (Czech, Slovak), Klausenburg (German), Kolozsvár (Hungarian}, Claudiopolis (Latin), Kluż (Polish), Cluj-Napoca (Romanian)
Coblenz	Coblence (French), Koblenz (German), Koblencja (Polish)
Coimbra	Qulumriya (Arabic), Coimbre (French)
Cologne	Kolín nad Rýnem (Czech), Keulen (Dutch), Cologne (French), Kolōnía (Greek), Colonia (Italian, Spanish), Köln (German, Finnish), Kelnas (Lithianian), Kolonia (Polish), Colónia (Portuguese), Kjol'n (Russian, Ukrainian), Kolín nad Rýnom (Slovak)
Copenhagen	Kūbinhāġin (Arabic), Kopengagen (Bulgarian, Russian), Kodaň (Czech, Slovak), København (Danish), Kopenhagen (Dutch, German, Croatian), Kopenhaagen (Estonian), Kööpenhamina (Finnish), Copenhague (French, Spanish), Kopenkhágē (Greek), Koppenhága (Hungarian), Kaupmannahöfn (Icelandic), Copenaghen (Italian), Kjøpenhavn (Norwegian), Kopenhaga (Polish), Copenhaga (Portuguese, Romanian), Köpenhamn (Swedish), Kopenhag (Turkish)
Córdoba	al-Qurduba (Arabic), Còrdova (Catalan), Cordoue (French)
Corfu	Korfu (Finnish, Polish, Slovak), Corfou (French), Corcyra or Kérkyra (Greek), Krf (Serbian, Croatian)
Corinth	Corint (Catalan), Korintti (Finnish), Corinthe (French), Corinto (Spanish), Korinthos (Greek), Korynt (Polish), Korint (Slovak)
Cork	Corcaigh (Irish), Corc (Welsh)
Cracow	Krākūf (Arabic), Krakov (Czech, Slovak, Russian, Croatian), Krakau (Dutch, German), Krakova (Finnish), Cracovie (French), Krakovía (Greek), Krakkó (Hungarian), Cracovia (Italian), Krokuva (Lithuanian), Kraków (Polish), Cracóvia (Portuguese), Cracovia (Romanian), Krakovi (Turkish), Krakiv (Ukrainian), Kraka (Yiddish)
Donetsk	Donieck (Polish); Stalino (former name), Yuzovka (former name)
Dover	Douvres (French)
Dresden	Drážďany (Czech, Slovak), Dresde (French), Drezno (Polish)
Dubrovnik	Ragusa (Italian)
Dublin	Dablin (Arabic), Dulenn (Breton), Douvlíno (Greek), Baile Átha Cliath (Irish), Dublino (Italian), Dublim (Portuguese), Dublín (Spanish), Dulyn (Welsh)
Dunkirk	Dunkerque (French) Dounkérkē (Greek), Dunkierka (Polish)
Dushanbe	Dūšānbī (Arabic), Doesjanbe (Dutch), Dusanbe (Finnish), Douchanbé (French), Duschanbe (German), Ntousanmpé (Greek), Duszanbe (Polish), Dušanbe (Russian, Slovak,Tajik), Duşanbe (Turkish), Hissar (former name)
Edinburgh	Edinburk (Czech), Edimbourg (French), Edynburg (Polish), Dun Eideann (Scots Gaelic)
Elsinore	Helsingør (Danish), Helsingör (Finnish, German)
Flensburg	Flensborg (Danish), Flensborch (Low Saxon)
Florence	Firenca (Croatian), Florència (Catalan), Florenz (German), Firenze (Italian, Finnish), Florencia (Spanish, Slovak), Florencja (Polish), Florenţa (Romanian)
Flushing	Vlissingen (Dutch)
Frankfurt	Francfort (Catalan), Francfort-sur-le-Main (French), Frankfurt am Main (German), Francoforte del Menno (Italian), Frankfurt nad Menem (Polish), Frankfurt nad Mohanom (Slovak)
Frankfurt	Francfort-sur-l'Oder (French), Frankfurt an der Oder (German), Frankfurt nad Odrą (Polish), Frankfurt nad Odrou (Slovak)
Gallipoli	Kalipolis (Greek), Gelibolu (Turkish), Galipolje (Serbian, Croatian)
Galway	Gaillimh (Irish)
Gdańsk	Gdaňsk (Czech), Danzig (German, English), Gdansk (Finnish)
Gdynia	Gdyně (Czech), Gdingen (German), Gotenhafen (German 1939-1945)
Geneva	Jinīf (Arabic), Ženeva (Bulgarian, Russian, Ukrainian, Czech, Lithuanian, Slovak, Croatian), Geneve (Finnish), Genève (French), Genf (German), Ghenevē (Greek), Ginevra (Italian), Genewa (Polish), Ginebra (Catalan, Romanian, Spanish), Cenevre (Turkish)
Genoa	Gènova (Catalan), Janov (Czech, Slovak), Genua (Dutch, German, Polish), Genova (Italian, Finnish), Gênes (French), Génova (Spanish)
Ghent	Gent (Dutch/Flemish, Finnish, German), Gand (French), Gandawa (Polish), Gante (Spanish)
Girona	Gerona (Spanish)
Gothenburg	Göteborg (Swedish, Finnish, German), Goeteborg (Polish), Gotemburgo (Spanish)
Granada	al-Ġarnāda (Arabic), Grenade (French)
Grodno	Hrodna (Belarusian), Hrodno (Ukrainian)
Groningen	Groningue (French), Groninga (Spanish)
Hamburg	Hambūrġ (Arabic), Hamburk (Czech), Hamborg (Danish, Swedish), Hampuri (Finnish), Hambourg (French), Amvoúrgo (Greek), Amburgo (Italian), Hamburgo (Portuguese, Spanish), Gamburg (Russian), Hamburch (Low Saxon)
Hamelin	Hameln (German)
Hanover	Hanovre (French), Hannover (Dutch, Finnish, German), Hanovra (Romanian), Ganover (Russian)
Helsinki	Hilsīnkī (Arabic), Hel'sinki (Bulgarian, Russian, Ukrainian), Helsinky (Czech), Helsingfors (Danish, Swedish), Helsingi (Estonian), Elsínki (Greek), Helsinkis (Lithuanian), Helsínquia (Portuguese)
Heraklion	Iraklion (Greek, Polish), Candia (Italian)
Istanbul	Stamboll (Albanian), Istanbūl (Arabic), Constantinoble (Catalan), Istanboel (Dutch), Isztambul (Hungarian), Stambula (Latvian), Stambulas (Lithuanian), Istanbuł, Stambuł (Polish), Istambul (Romanian, Croatian), Stambul (Russian, Ukrainian), Carigrad (Slovene), Estambul (Spanish), İstanbul (Turkish) Former names: Constantinopel (Dutch), Constantinople (English), Konstantinopoli (Finnish), Konstantinopel (German, Norwegian), Byzantion, Kōnstantinoúpolē (Greek), Byzantium (Latin, English), Carogród/ Konstantynopol (Polish), Carigrad (Croatian) Carihrad/Konštantínopol (Slovak), Cařihrad / Konstantinopol (Czech), Tsarigrad (Russian), Stamboul (Turkish), Bysants (Norwegian), Miklagard (old Norse/Norwegian). Estambul, Kostan, Kospoli, Koshta, Koshtandina, Konstantinopyla (other variants during Ottoman period)
Izmir	Esmirna (Catalan, Spanish), Smyrna (Greek)
Jakobstad	Pietarsaari (Finnish)
Janina	Ioannina (Greek, Finnish), Yanya (Turkish)
Jena	Iéna (French)
Kaliningrad	Kalinjingrad (Croatian), Královec (Czech), Królewiec (Polish), Karaliaucius (Lithuanian), Königsberg (former German name)
Katowice	Katovice (Czech), Kattowitz (German)
Kaunas	Kowno (Polish)
Kharkov	Harkova (Finnish), Charków (Polish), Charkov (Czech, Slovak), Kharkiv (Ukrainian)
Kiel	Kilonia (Polish), Kylius (Lithuanian)
Kiev	Kīyif (Arabic), Kijev (Croatian, Hungarian, Russian, Slovene), Kyjev (Czech, Slovak), Kiëv (Dutch), Kiova (Finnish), Kiew (German), Kíevo (Greek), Kijeva (Latvian), Kijevas (Lithuanian), Kijów (Polish), Kíev (Spanish), Kyïv (Ukrainian), Kiav (Yiddish)
Kilkenny	Cill Chainnigh (Irish)
Kishiniev	Kīšīnāw (Arabic), Kišineu (Bulgarian), Kišiněv (Czech), Chisinau (Finnish), Kischinew (German), Kisináou (Greek), Kisinyov (Hungarian), Chişinău (Moldovan, Romanian), Kiszyniów (Polish), Kišinjov (Russian), Kišiňov (Slovak), Kyšyniv (Ukrainian), Kešenev (Yiddish)
Klagenfurt	Celovec (Czech, Slovenian)
Kláipeda	Klaipeda (Finnish), Memel (German), Kłajpeda (Polish)
Kristinestad	Kristiinankaupunki (Finnish), Christinae Stadh (older Swedish name)
Lausanne	Lozanna (Polish)
Leghorn	Livourne (French), Livorno (Italian, Finnish, German)
Leiden	Lejda (Polish)
Leipzig	Lipsko (Czech, Slovak), Lipcse (Hungarian), Lipsk (Polish), Lipsca (old Romanian)
Liege	Lutych (Czech), Luik (Dutch), Liège (French), Lüttich (German), Lieja (Spanish)
Limerick	Luimneach (Irish)
Lisbon	Lisabon (Czech, Slovak, Croatian), Lisabona (Romanian), Lisboa (Portuguese, Spanish), Lisbona (Italian), Lisbonne (French), Lišbūna (Arabic), Lissabon (Danish, Dutch, Finnish, German, Russian, Swedish), Lissavóna (Greek), Lisszabon (Hungarian), Lizbon (Turkish), Lizbona (Polish)
Ljubljana	Liyūbliyānā (Arabic), Lublaň (Czech), Laibach (German, obsolete), Lioumpliána (Greek), Lubiana (Italian), Liubliana (Portuguese, Spanish), Lubyana (Turkish), Ľubľana (Slovak)
Lleida	Lérida (Spanish)
London	Landan (Arabic), Londýn (Czech, Slovak), Londen (Dutch), Lontoo (Finnish), Londres (French, Spanish), Londhino (Greek), Londain (Irish), Londra (Italian, Turkish), Londyn (Polish), Londra (Romanian), Llundain (Welsh)
Londonderry	Derry (former name)
Louvain	Lovaň (Czech), Leuven (Dutch), Lovaina (Spanish), Löwen (German)
Lubeck	Lyypekki (Finnish), Lübeck (German), Lubeka (Polish)
Lucca	Lucques (French), Lukka (Polish)
Lucerne	Lucern (Czech), Lucerna (Spanish), Luzern (German, Finnish), Lucerna (Polish)
Lunenburg	Lüneburg (German), Lüneburch (Low Saxon)
Luxembourg	Ljuksemburg (Bulgarian, Russian), Lucemburk (Czech), Luxemborg (Danish), Luxemburg (German, Finnish, Dutch, Romanian, Slovak), Louxemvoúrgo (Greek), Lussemburgo (Italian), Lëtzebuerg (Luxembourgish), Luksemburg (Polish, Croatian), Lüksemburg (Turkish), Ljuksemburh (Ukrainian)
L'viv	Lvov (Finnish), Lemberg (German), Leopoli (Italian), Leopolis (Latin), Lwów (Polish), L'vov (Russian, Slovak), Lavov (Croatian)
Lyons	Lyon (French, German)
Maastricht	Mastrique (Spanish)
Madrid	Madrítē (Greek), Madridas (Lithuanian), Madryt (Polish)
Mainz	Mohuč (Czech, Slovak), Mayence (French), Moguncja (Polish)
Mantua	Mantoue (French), Mantova (Italian, Finnish, Czech, Slovak)
Maribor	Marburg (German)
Marseille	Marsīliyā (Arabic), Massalía (Greek), Marsiglia (Italian), Marsylia (Polish), Marselha (Portuguese), Marsel' (Russian), Marsella (Spanish), Marsilya (Turkish)
Meissen	Míšeň (Czech), Miśnia (Polish)
Milan	Mīlānū (Arabic), Milaan (Dutch), Mailand (German), Miláno (Greek), Milánó (Hungarian), Milano (Italian, Finnish, Romanian, Croatian), Miláno (Slovak), Mediolan (Polish), Milão (Portuguese), Milán (Czech, Spanish)
Minsk	Mensk (Belarusian), Minszk (Hungarian), Minńsk (Polish), Mins'k (Ukrainian)
Mons	Bergen (Dutch)
Moscow	Mūskū (Arabic), Maskva (Belarusian), Moskva (Bulgarian, Czech, Croatian, Danish, Russian, Slovak, Slovene, Swedish, Ukrainian), Moskou (Dutch), Moskova (Finnish), Moscou (French), Moskau (German), Móscha (Greek), Moskwa (Polish), Moscova (Romanian), Moscú (Spanish)
Munich	Miyūnikh (Arabic), Mjunkhen (Bulgarian, Russian, Ukrainian), Minhen (Serbian), Mnichov (Czech), Mníchov (Slovak), München (Dutch, Finnish, German), Mónacho (Greek), Monaco di Baviera (Italian), Miunchenas (Lithuanian), Monachium (Polish), Munique (Portuguese), Münih (Turkish)
Naples	Nābūlī (Arabic), Nàpols (Catalan), Napels (Dutch), Neapel (German), Neapolis (Greek), Nápoly (Hungarian), Napoli (Italian, Finnish), Neapol (Czech, Polish, Slovak), Nápoles (Portuguese, Spanish), Neapol' (Russian, Ukrainian), Napulj (Serbian, Croatian)
Nice	Niça (Catalan), Niza (Spanish), Nizza (Italian, Finnish, German), Nicea (Polish)
Newport	Casnewydd (Welsh)
Nicosia	Nīqūsiyā (Arabic), Nikosia/ Lefkosia (Finnish), Nicosie (French), Nikosia (German), Lefkōsía (Greek), Nikozia (Hungarian), Nikozja (Polish), Nicósia (Portuguese), Nikosija (Russian, Ukrainian), Lefkoşa (Turkish)
Nijmegen	Nimègue (French), Nimwegen (German), Nimega (Spanish)
Nizhniy Novgorod	Nizhni Novgorod (Finnish), Nijni-Novgorod (French), Gorkiy (former name), Nowogród (Polish), Nižný Novgorod (Slovak), Nischnij Nowgorod (German)
Novi Sad	Ujvidek (Hungarian)
Nuremberg	Norimberk (Czech), Neurenberg (Dutch), Nürnberg (German, Finnish), Norymberga (Polish), Norimberg (Slovak),
Oldenburg	Starogard (Polish)
Oporto	Burtuqāl (Arabic), Porto (Czech, French, Polish, Portuguese, German)
Oslo	Ūslū (Arabic), Christiania (Dano-Norwegian former name), Kristiania (late version of former name)
Ostend	Oostende (Dutch/Flemish), Ostende (Czech, French, German), Ostenda (Polish)
Padua	Padoue (French), Padova (Czech, Italian, Slovak, Croatian), Padwa (Polish)
Palermo	Palerme (French)
Pamplona	Banbalūna (Arabic), Iruna (Basque), Pampelune (French), Pampeluna (Polish)
Perpignan	Perpinyà (Catalan), Perpiñán (Spanish)
Paris	Bārīs (Arabic), Pariž (Bulgarian, Russian, Ukrainian), Pariz (Croatian), Paříž (Czech), Parijs (Dutch), Pariis (Estonian), Pariisi (Finnish), Parísi (Greek), Párizs (Hungarian), Parigi (Italian), Parīze (Latvian), Paryžius (Lithuanian), Paryż (Polish), Paríž (Slovak), París (Catalan, Spanish)
Parma	Parme (French),
Pärnu	Pärnu (Finnish), Pernau (German), Parnawa (Polish)
Pécs	Pětikostelí (Czech), Pečuh (Croatian), Fünfkirchen (German), Päťkostolie (Slovak)
Perugia	Pérouse (French)
Petroskoy	Äänislinna (Finnish)
Piacenza	Plaisance (French)
Plovdiv	Philippopolis (Greek), Płowdiw (Polish)
Potsdam	Postupim (Czech, Slovak), Poczdam (Polish)
Poznań	Posen (German)
Prague	Birāġ (Arabic), Praha (Czech, Finnish, Norwegian, Slovak, Ukrainian), Praag (Dutch), Prag (German, Swedish, Croatian) Prága (Greek, Hungarian), Praga (Bulgarian, Catalan, Italian, Polish, Romanian, Russian, Spanish), Prag or Prog (Yiddish)
Pskov	Pihkva (Estonian), Pihkova (Finnish), Psków (Polish), Pleskau (German)
Riga	Rīġā (Arabic), Riha (Belarusian, Ukrainian), Riia (Estonian), Riika (Finnish), Ryga (Lithuanian, Polish)
Regensburg	Řezno (Czech), Ratisbona (Spanish, Italian), Ratisbonne (French), Regensburg (German, English), Ratyzbona (Polish)
Rome	Rūmiya (Arabic), Rim (Bulgarian, Russian, Ukrainian, Croatian), Rím (Slovak), Řím (Czech), Rooma (Estonian, Finnish), Rom (German), Romi (Greek), Róma (Hungarian), Roma (Catalan, Italian, Portuguese, Romanian, Spanish), Rzym (Polish)
Saarbrücken	Sarrebruck (French)
Samara	Kuybyshev (former name)
San Sebastián	Donostia (Basque), Sant Sebastià (Catalan)
Santiago de Compostela	Šānt Yāqūb (Arabic), Sant Jaume de Galícia (Catalan)
Saragossa	Saragossa (Catalan, Polish), Saragosse (French), Zaragoza (Czech, Spanish)
Sarajevo	Sarāyīfū (Arabic), Sarajewo (German, Polish), Sarágevo (Greek), Bosna Serai (Turkish)
Schaffhausen	Szafuza (Polish)
Seville	al-Išbīliya (Arabic), Séville (French), Siviglia (Italian), Sewilla (Polish), Sevilla (Catalan, Finnish, Slovak, Spanish), Sevilia (Romanian)
Shkodër	Scutari (Italian), Skadar (Serbian), Szkodra (Polish)
Sibiu	Sibiu (Romanian), Hermannstadt (German)
Sienna	Sienne (French), Siena (Italian, Polish)
Skopje	Shkupi (Albanian), Skūbyī (Arabic), Skoplje (Serbian, Croatian), Skópia (Greek), Skop'e (Russian), Skopia (Spanish), Üsküb (Turkish)
Sligo	Sligeach (Irish)
Sofia	Sūfiyā (Arabic), Sofija (Bulgarian, Russian, Ukrainian, Croatian), Sófia (Greek, Portuguese), Szófia (Hungarian), Sofía (Spanish), Sofya (Turkish)
Solothurn	Soleure (French), Solura (Polish)
Sønderborg	Sonderburg (German)
St Petersburg	Sānt Bītarsbūrġ (Arabic), Sankt-Pecjarburh (Belarusian), Sankt Petěrburk (Czech), Sankt Petersborg (Danish), Sint-Petersburg (Dutch), Peterburi (Estonian), Pietari (Finnish), Saint-Péterbourg (French), Sankt Petersburg (German, Norwegian, Polish), Agía Petroúpolē (Greek), Szentpétervár (Hungarian), San Pietroburgo (Italian), Sanktpēterburga (Latvian), Sankt Peterburgas (Lithuanian), São Petersburgo (Portuguese), Sankt-Peterburg (Russian), Sankt Peterburg (Slovak), San Petersburgo (Spanish), Leningrad (former name), Petrograd (former name)
Stockholm	Istūkhūlm (Arabic), Estocolm (Catalan), Štokholm (Serbian, Slovak), Tukholma (Finnish), Stokkhólmē (Greek), Stoccolma (Italian), Stokholma (Latvian), Stokholmas (Lithuanian), Sztokholm (Polish), Estocolmo (Portuguese, Spanish), Stokgol'm (Russian, Ukrainian)
Strasbourg	Štrasburk (Czech), Straatsburg (Dutch), Strasbourg (Finnish), Strassburg (former name Finnish), Strassburg (German), Estrasburgo (Spanish), Štrasburg (Slovak)
Swansea	Abertawe (Welsh)
Syracuse	Syrakus (German), Siracusa (Italian, Spanish), Syrakuzy (Polish), Syrakúzy (Slovak)
Szczecin	Štětín (Czech), Stettin (German), Štetín (Slovak)
Székesfehérvár	Stoličný Bělehrad (Czech), Stolni Biograd (Croatian), Stuhlweißenburg (German), Székesfehérvár (Hungarian), Stoličný Belehrad (Slovak)
Tallinn	Tālīn (Arabic), Tallinna (Finnish), Reval, Tallinn (German), Tallín (Greek), Tallin (Norwegian, Russian, Swedish, Slovak), Tallina (Latvian), Talinas (Lithuanian) Rewal, Tallin (Polish)
Tampere	Tammerfors (Swedish)
Tartu	Tartto (Finnish), Dorpat (German, Polish)
Tashkent	Tašqand (Arabic), Tasjkent (Dutch, Swedish), Tachkent (French), Taskéndē (Greek), Taskent (Hungarian), Taszkient (Polish), Taškent (Russian, Ukrainian, Slovak, Croatian), Taşkent (Turkish), Toshkent (Uzbek), Taschkent (German)
Tbilisi	Tiflīs (Arabic), Tbilissi (French), Tiflis (German), Tyflída (Greek), Tbiliszi (Hungarian), Tibilisi, Tyflis (Polish)
Tekirdag	Rodosto (Greek)
Terezin	Terezín (Czech, Slovak), Theresienstadt (German)
Teschen	Těšín (Czech), Tešín (Slovak), Cieszyn (Polish)
The Hague	Lāhāy (Arabic), Den Haag, 's-Gravenhage (Dutch), Haag (Czech, Finnish, Slovak), La Haye (French), Den Haag (German), Khághē (Greek), Hága (Hungarian), Haga (Polish), Haia (Portuguese), Gaaga (Russian), La Haya (Spanish), Haaha (Ukrainian)
Thessaloniki	Soluň (Czech), Thessalonique (French), Saloniki (German), Salonic (Romanian), Selanik (Turkish), Solún (Slovak), Solun (Serbian, Croatian), Salonica (former English name), Tesalónica (Spanish)
Timisoara	Temešvár (Czech, Slovak), Temeschwar or Temeschburg (German), Temesvár (Hungarian), Temišvar (Serbian, Croatian), Timişoara (Romanian)
Tirana	Tiranë (Albanian), Tiran (Turkish)
Toruń	Toruň (Czech), Thorn (German)
Toulouse	Tolosa de Llenguadoc (Catalan), Tuluza (Polish)
Trento	Trident (Czech), Trente (French), Trent (German), Trydent (Polish)
Trier	Trevír (Czech, Slovak), Trèves (French), Trewir (Polish)
Trieste	Terst (Czech), Triest (German), Trst (Slovenian, Croatian), Tergeste (Latin)
Trondheim	Trondhjem (Dano-Norwegian former name), Drontheim (WWII German name), Nidaros (viking age and medieval name)
Turin	Turín (Czech, Slovak), Turijn (Dutch), Torino (Italian, Finnish, Croatian), Turyn (Polish)
Turku	Turu (Estonian), Åbo (Swedish)
Tver	Kalinin (former name), Twer (Polish, German)
Ulyanovsk	Simbirsk (former name)
Vaasa	Vasa (Swedish), Wasa (older Swedish name), Waza (Polish)
Valencia	València (Catalan), Valence (French), Walencja (Polish)
Valletta	Fālītā (Arabic), La Valette (French), Valéta (Greek), La Valletta (Italian, Slovak), il-Belt Valletta (Maltese), La Valeta (Portuguese)
Venice	al-Bunduqīya (Arabic), Venecija (Bulgarian, Russian, Ukrainian, Croatian), Venècia (Catalan), Benátky (Czech, Slovak), Venedig (Danish, German, Swedish), Venetië (Dutch), Venetsia (Finnish), Venise (French), Venetía (Greek), Velence (Hungarian), Venezia (Italian), Wenecja (Polish), Veneza (Portuguese), Veneţia (Romanian), Venecia (Spanish), Venedik (Turkish), Vinitsia (Yiddish)
Vienna	Beč (Croatian, Serbian), Vídeň (Czech), Wenen (Dutch), Vienne (French), Wien (Finnish,German), Viénnē (Greek), Bécs (Hungarian), Wiedeń (Polish), Vena (Russian, Ukrainian), Viedeň (Slovak), Dunaj (Slovene), Viena (Catalan, Spanish, Romanian), Viyana (Turkish), Vin (Yiddish)
Villach	Bělák (Czech), Beljak (Slovenian)
Vilnius	Filniyūs (Arabic), Vil'nja, Vil'njus (Belarusian), Vilna (Finnish, Italian), Wilna (German), Vílnious (Greek), Viļņa (Latvian), Wilno (Polish), Vil'njus (Russian, Ukrainian), Vilne (Yiddish)
Vitoria	Gasteiz (Basque)
Vladikavkaz	Ordzhonikidzhe (former name), Wołgograd (Polish)
Volgograd	Stalingrad (former name), Tsaritsyn (former name), Wołgograd (Polish), Carycyn (former Polish name), Volgogrado (Spanish)
Vyborg	Viiburi (Estonian), Viipuri (Finnish), Viborg (Swedish), Wiburg (German)
Warsaw	Wārsū (Arabic), Varšava (Belarusian, Russian, Ukrainian, Czech, Slovak, Croatian), Warschau (Dutch, German), Varssavi (Estonian), Varsova (Finnish), Varsovie (French), Varsovía (Greek), Varsó (Hungarian), Varsavia (Italian), Varšuva (Lithuanian), Varşovia (Romanian), Warszawa (Polish), Varsovia (Spanish), Varşova (Turkish), Varshe (Yiddish)
Waterford	Port Láirge (Irish)
Worms	Wormancja (Polish)
Wrocław	Vratislav (Czech), Breslau (Dutch, German), Wroclaw (Finnish), Vratislav / Vroclav (Slovak)
Yekaterinburg	Jekaterinburg (Finnish, German), Ekaterinburgo (Spanish); Sverdlovsk (former name)
Yerevan	Yirīfān (Arabic), Erevan (French, Spanish), Jerewan, Eriwan (German), Jereván (Hungarian), Erewan (Polish), Jerevan (Czech, Finnish, Russian, Ukrainian, Slovak), Yereván (Spanish), Erivan (Turkish)
Zagreb	Zaġrib (Arabic), Záhřeb (Czech), Záhreb (Slovak), Agram (German, obsolete), Zágkremp (Greek), Zágráb (Hungarian), Zagabria (Italian), Zagrzeb (Polish), Zagrep (Turkish), Zahreb (Ukrainian)
Zurich	Zūrīk (Arabic), Cirih (Serbian), Curych (Czech), Zürich (German, Finnish), Zyríkhē (Greek), Zurigo (Italian), Ciurichas (Lithuanian), Zurych (Polish), Zurique (Portuguese), Cjurikh (Russian, Ukrainian), Zürih (Turkish), Zurich (alternative English spelling)

See also: Latin names of European cities, List of cities in Switzerland, List of towns in Slovakia