Englyn
Englyn (plural englynion) is a traditional Welsh short poem form. It uses quantitative metres, involving the counting of syllables, and rigid patterns of rhyme and half rhyme.
The Eight Types
There are eight types of englynion. Details of their structures are given below.
Englyn penfyr
Also known as the short-ended englyn. It consists of a verse of three lines. The first line has ten syllables and the other two have seven each. The seventh, eighth or ninth syllable of the first line introduces the rhyme and this is repeated on the last syllable of the other two lines. The fourth syllable of the second line echoes the final syllable of the first through either rhyme or consonance.
Englyn milwr
The soldier's englyn. This consists of three seven-syllable lines. All three rhyme.
Englyn unodl union
The straight one-rhymed englyn. This consists of four lines of ten, six, seven and seven syllables. The seventh, eighth or ninth syllable of the first line introduces the rhyme and this is repeated on the last syllable of the other three lines.
Englyn unodl crwc
The crooked one-rhyme englyn. This englyn is made up of four lines of seven, seven, ten and six syllables. The last syllable of the first, second and last lines rhyme and seventh, eighth or ninth syllable of the third line all rhyme.
Englyn cyrch
This version has four lines of seven syllables each. The final syllables of the first second and last line rhyme. The last syllable of the third line rhymes with the second, third or fourth syllable of the last line.
Englyn proest dalgron
In this englyn, there are four seven-syllable lines that half rhyme with each other.
Englyn lleddfbroest
This is identical to the englyn proest dalgron except that the half rhymes must use the ae, oe, wy, and ei diphthongs.
Englyn proest gadwynog
The chain half-rhyme englyn. In this version there are four lines of seven syllables. The first ant third lines rhyme and the second and fourth half rhyme on the same vowel sound as the full rhyme syllables.
Examples
Here are two englynion by the 12th century Welsh poet Cyndelw Brydydd Mawr:
- Balch ei fugunawr ban nafawr ei lef
- pan ganer cyrn cydawr;
- corn Llyelyn llyw lluydfawr
- bon chang blaen hang bloed fawr.
- Corn wedi llad corn llawen
- corn llugynor Llywlyn
- corn gwyd gwr hydr ai can
- corn meinell yn ol gellgwn
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Referenced By
Poem | PoetrY
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