Camera
A camera is a device used to take photographs, either singly or in sequence. The name is derived from camera obscura, Latin for "dark chamber", an early mechanism for projecting images in which an entire room functioned much as the internal workings of a modern photographic camera, except there was no way at this time to record the image short of manually tracing it.
Every camera consists of some kind of enclosed chamber, with an opening or aperture at one end for light to enter, and a recording or viewing surface for capturing the light at the other end. This aperture is often controlled by an iris mechanism.
While the aperture controls the amount of light that enters the camera during photographing, the shutter speed controls the length of time that the light hits the film. For example, in lower light situations, the shutter speed should be slower to allow the film to capture what little light is present.
Traditional cameras capture light onto photographic film or photographic plate. Video and digital cameras use electronics, usually a charge coupled device (CCD) to capture images which can be transferred or stored in tape or computer memory inside the camera for later playback or processing.
Cameras that capture many images in sequence are known as movie cameras; those designed for single images are still cameras. However these categories overlap, as still cameras are often used to capture moving images in special effects work and modern digital cameras are often able to trivially switch between still and motion recording modes.
See also: Still camera, Pinhole camera, Photography, video, photographic film, digital video, digital film, digital photography, Closed-circuit television, Road-rule enforcement camera, Photographic lens
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