Blunt end
Sticky end and blunt end are biological terms describing the two possible configurations resulting from the breaking of double-stranded DNA. DNA exhibits a stabilizing interaction between complementary base pairs, providing specificity to the pairing of two strands of DNA. If two complementary strands of DNA are of equal length, then they will terminate in a blunt end, as in the following example:
5'-CpTpGpApTpCpTpGpApCpTpGpApTpGpCpGpTpApTpGpCpTpApGpT-3'
3'-GpApCpTpApGpApCpTpGpApCpTpApCpGpCpApTpApCpGpApTpCpA-5'
However, if one strand extends beyond the complementary region, then the DNA is said to possess an overhang:
5'-ApTpCpTpGpApCpT-3'
3'-TpApGpApCpTpGpApCpTpApCpG-5'
If another DNA fragment exists with a complementary overhang, then these two overhangs will tend to associate with each other and each strand is said to possess a sticky end:
5'-ApTpCpTpGpApCpT GpApTpGpCpGpTpApTpGpCpT-3'
3'-TpApGpApCpTpGpApCpTpApCpG CpApTpApCpGpA-5'
becomes
5'-ApTpCpTpGpApCpT GpApTpGpCpGpTpApTpGpCpT-3'
3'-TpApGpApCpTpGpApCpTpApCpG CpApTpApCpGpA-5'
The two fragments may then be covalently bonded by DNA ligase. Blunt ends may be ligated, but the reaction is significantly slower. These terms are most commonly used to describe the product of a restriction enzyme digestion of DNA.
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