4 December

Events

• 771 - Austrasian King Carloman dies, leaving his brother Charlemagne king of the now complete Frank kingdom (Pope Leo III crowned Charlemagne Emperor of the Franks at Rome on Christmas Day, 800).
• 1110 - First Crusade: The Crusaders conquer Sidon.
• 1563 - The final session of the Council of Trent is held (it opened on December 13, 1545).
• 1619 - Thirty-eight colonists from Berkeley Parish in England disembark in Virginia and give thanks to God (this is considered to be the first Thanksgiving in the Americas).
• 1674 - Father Jacques Marquette founds a mission on the shores of Lake Michigan to minister to the Illinois Indians (the mission would later grow into the city of Chicago, Illinois).
• 1783 - At Fraunces Tavern in New York City, US General George Washington formally bids his officers farewell.
• 1791 - The first issue of The Observer, the world's first Sunday newspaper, is published.
• 1829 - In the face of fierce opposition, British Lord William Bentinck carries a regulation declaring that all who abetted suttee in India were guilty of culpable homicide.
• 1864 - American Civil War: Sherman's March to the Sea - At Waynesboro, Georgia, forces under Union General Judson Kilpatrick prevent troops led by Confederate General Joseph Wheeler from interfering with Union General William T. Sherman campaign of destroying a wide swath of the South on his march to the Gulf of Mexico (Union forces did suffer more than three times the casualties as the Confederates, however).
• 1867 - Former Minnesota farmer Oliver Hudson Kelley founds the Order of the Patrons of Husbandry (better known today as the Grange Movement).
• 1872 - The crewless American ship Mary Celeste is found by the British brig Dei Gratia (the ship was abandoned for 9 days but was only slightly damaged).
• 1875 - Notorious New York City politician Boss Tweed escapes from prison and flees to Cuba, then Spain.
• 1918 - US President Woodrow Wilson sails for Versailles for the World War I peace talks, becoming the first US president to travel to Europe while in office.
• 1921 - The Virginia Rappe manslaughter trial against actor and film director Roscoe Arbuckle ends in a hung jury.
• 1942 - Holocaust: In Warsaw, two Christian women, Zofia Kossak and Wanda Filipowicz risk their lives by setting up the Council for the Assistance of the Jews.
• 1943 - World War II: In Yugoslavia, resistance leader Marshal Tito proclaims a provisional democratic Yugoslav government in-exile.
• 1943 - Great Depression ends in the United States: With unemployment figures falling fast due to World War II-related employment, US President Franklin D. Roosevelt closes the Works Progress Administration.
• 1945 - By a vote of 65 to 7, the United States Senate approves United States participation in the United Nations (the UN was established on October 24, 1945).
• 1952 - Great Smog of 1952: A "killer fog" descends on London ("Smog" for "smoke" and "fog" becomes a word).
• 1958 - Dahomey (present-day Benin) becomes a self-governing country within the French Community.
• 1967 - Vietnam War: US and South Vietnamese forces engage Viet Cong troops in the Mekong Delta (235 of the 300-strong Viet Cong battalion were killed).
• 1969 - Black Panther members Fred Hampton and Mark Clark are shot to death in their sleep during a raid by 14 Chicago police officers.
• 1977 - Jean-Bédel Bokassa, president of the Central African Republic, crowns himself Emperor.
• 1977 - A Malaysia Airlines Boeing 737 is hijacked and then blown up in mid-air over the Straits of Johore, killing 100.
• 1978 - Following the murder of Mayor George Moscone, Dianne Feinstein becomes San Francisco, California's first woman mayor (she served until January 8, 1988).
• 1981 - South Africa grants "homeland" Ciskei independence (not recognized outside South Africa).
• 1982 - The People's Republic of China adopts its current constitution.
• 1991 - Journalist Terry Anderson is released after a seven years' captivity as a hostage in Beirut (he was the last and longest-held American hostage in Lebanon).
• 1991 - Pan Am Airlines ends operations.
• 1992 - President George H. W. Bush orders 28,000 US troops to Somalia.
• 1993 - A truce is concluded between the government of Angola and UNITA rebels.

Births

• 1443 - Pope Julius II (d. 1513)
• 1585 - John Cotton, American Puritan leader (d. 1652)
• 1777 - Madame Récamier, writer (d. 1849)
• 1795 - Thomas Carlyle, writer, historian (d. 1881)
• 1835 - Samuel Butler, writer (d. 1902)
• 1849 - Crazy Horse, Native American leader (d. 1877)
• 1861 - Lillian Russell, singer, actress (d. 1922)
• 1866 - Wassily Kandinsky, painter (d. 1944)
• 1875 - Rainer Maria Rilke, poet (d. 1926)
• 1892 - Francisco Franco, dictator of Spain (d. 1975)
• 1895 - Fung Yu-lan, Chinese philosopher (d. 1990)
• 1903 - Cornell Woolrich, crime writer, "Father of Film Noir" (d. September 24, 1968)
• 1908 - Alfred Hershey, American psychologist, winner 1969 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1997)
• 1912 - Pappy Boyington, American fighter pilot (d. 1988
• 1914 - Rudolf Hausner, painter and graphic artist (d. 1995)
• 1921 - Deanna Durbin, actress, singer
• 1922 - Gérard Philipe, actor (d. 1959)
• 1934 - Victor French, actor (d. 1989)
• 1937 - Max Baer Jr., actor
• 1940 - John Cale, rock musician (The Velvet Underground)
• 1944 - Dennis Wilson, pop musician (The Beach Boys)
• 1945 - Roberta Bondar, astronaut and scientist
• 1949 - Jeff Bridges, actor
• 1963 - Sergey Bubka, athlete (pole vault)
• 1964 - Marisa Tomei, actress
• 1973 - Tyra Banks, model

Deaths

• 765 - Jafar Sadiq, Shia Imam
• 771 - Carloman, king of the Franks
• 1214 - William I of Scotland
• 1334 - Pope John XXII
• 1576 - Rheticus, mathematician
• 1642 - Cardinal Armand-Jean du Plessis, duc de Richelieu, French statesman
• 1679 - Thomas Hobbes, politcal philosopher
• 1732 - John Gay, playwright
• 1798 - Luigi Galvani, physicist
• 1867 - Sophie (Frémiet) Rude, French artist
• 1890 - King Willem III of the Netherlands (date of burial)
• 1956 - Alexandr Rodchenko, Russian painter and photographer
• 1967 - Bert Lahr, actor
• 1973 - Michael O'Shea, actor
• 1976 - Benjamin Britten, composer
• 1976 - Tommy Bolin, rock guitarist (Deep Purple)
• 1980 - Stanislawa Walasiewicz, Polish-American sprinter
• 1993 - Frank Zappa, rock musician, composer
• 1997 - Richard Vernon, actor

Holidays and observances

• Roman Empire - secret ceremonies in honor of Bona Dea
• International Hug Day

See also

December 3 - December 5 - November 4 - January 4 -- listing of all days

January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November, December

Referenced By